Regional pasture growth rates

Following are a series of pasture growth rate (kg/ha/day) tables and graphs for regions across Australia.  This data set was compiled for the Meat and Livestock Australia Feed Demand Calculator using validated curves from research sites, data presented in GrassGro, and with input from experienced research and extension professionals.  The growth rate values should be used only as a guide only. Ways to measure and calculate your own pasture growth is provided here.

New South Wales

North West Slopes (Tamworth)

Table 1. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various pasture species in North West Slopes NSW

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	7	10	15	17	15	12	12	15	30	40	35	10
Lucerne – Standard year, Fertiliser	50	40	37	20	18	10	10	15	35	45	55	75
Premeir diget grass – Standard year, Fertiliser	68	72	61	20	17	0	0	10	20	35	62	72
Rhodes grass – Standard year, Fertiliser	40	55	50	22	18	0	0	5	15	20	32	35
Swan Forest bluegrass – Standard year, Fertiliser	40	38	40	22	20	0	0	5	8	18	10	20
Forage sorghum – Standard year, Fertiliser	100	95	68	21	0	0	0	0	0	7	42	140
Forage oats – Standard year, Fertiliser	0	0	18	38	57	68	67	52	48	35	5	0
Danthonia, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	18	16	12	8	7	5	7	10	22	25	20	15
Summer grass dominant, Fertiliser	32	33	17	10	5	3	2	2	3	5	20	30
Native perennials – Standard year, No fertiliser	22	23	18	7	3	0	0	3	7	7	10	20

North West Slopes (Warialda)

 Table 2. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for sown grass in North West Slopes NSW (Warialda)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sown grass – Standard year	27	23	20	8	2	0	0	0	5	18	29	30
Sown grass – Poor year	9	9	13	3	1	0	0	0	4	14	19	14
Sown grass – Good year	44	41	36	14	2	0	0	1	6	19	34	41
Table 3. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for native grass in North West Slopes NSW (Warialda)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Native grass – Standard year	24	21	18	7	2	0	0	0	4	15	24	27
Native grass – Poor year	9	8	12	3	1	0	0	0	3	12	16	13
Native grass – Good year	40	38	32	12	2	0	0	1	5	16	28	37
Table 4. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for forage sorghum in North West Slopes NSW (Warialda)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Forage sorghum – Standard year	79	49	33	13	1	0	0	0	0	0	13	65
Forage sorghum – Poor year	42	32	20	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	9	42
Forage sorghum – Good year	94	52	48	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	26	94
Table 5. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Lablab in North West Slopes NSW (Warialda)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lablab – Standard year	50	40	32	13	1	0	0	0	0	0	14	47
Lablab – Poor year	24	18	17	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	13	22
Lablab – Good year	72	60	57	28	0	0	0	0	0	0	27	64
Table 6. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in North West Slopes NSW (Warialda)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Standard year	19	19	20	19	15	14	16	22	26	22	21	22
Lucerne – Poor year	7	10	11	9	6	12	7	10	11	6	7	8
Lucerne – Good year	30	25	24	30	22	21	22	34	38	41	46	45
Table 7. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for oats in North West Slopes NSW (Warialda)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Oats – Standard year	0	0	0	3	35	25	33	39	36	23	16	0
Oats – Poor year	0	0	0	2	22	29	27	26	20	8	1	0
Oats – Good year	0	0	0	2	30	22	43	43	42	35	39	0

Northern Tablelands

Table 8. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for tall fescue, clover in Northern Tablelands, NSW

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Tall fescue, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	58	57	51	28	12	9	9	11	23	38	51	59
Tall fescue, clover – Good year, Fertilised	75	74	89	49	21	12	12	14	30	49	66	77
Tall fescue, clover – Poor year, Fertiliser	35	34	20	11	5	5	5	7	14	23	31	35
Table 9. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for phalaris, clover in Northern Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	26	30	36	34	13	9	9	11	22	37	49	51
Phalaris, clover – Good year, Fertiliser	34	39	63	60	23	12	12	14	29	48	64	66
Phalaris, clover – Poor year, Fertiliser	16	18	14	14	5	5	5	7	13	22	29	31
Table 10. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for redgrass in Northern Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Redgrass – Standard year, No fertiliser	33	33	29	9	2	1	1	1	7	27	33	34
Redgrass – Good year, No fertiliser	43	43	51	16	4	1	1	1	9	35	43	44
Redgrass – Poor year, No fertiliser	20	20	12	4	1	1	1	1	4	16	20	20
Table 11. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Microlaena, clover in Northern Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Microlaena, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	39	36	29	18	8	3	3	7	19	33	40	44
Microlaena, clover – Good year, Fertiliser	51	47	51	32	14	4	4	9	25	43	52	57
Microlaena, clover – Poor year, Fertiliser	23	22	12	7	3	2	2	4	11	20	24	26
Table 12. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass, clover in Northern Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	20	28	38	34	13	9	9	11	23	43	47	35
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Good year, Fertiliser	26	36	67	60	23	12	12	14	30	56	61	46
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Poor year, Fertiliser	12	17	15	14	5	5	5	7	14	26	28	21

Central Tablelands

 Table 13. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for sown perennial ryegrass, clover in Central Tablelands, NSW

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sown perennial grass, clover – Standard year, Fertlised	15	12	16	20	20	10	6	10	27	61	69	45
Sown perennial grass, clover – Good year, Fertilised	30	24	26	33	33	14	8	14	41	92	104	90
Sown perennial grass, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	5	4	6	8	8	4	2	4	16	37	41	16
Table 14. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for chicory, clover in Central Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Chicory, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	22	25	9	5	3	2	2	8	42	73	77	44
Table 15. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Microlaena, clover in Central Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Microlaena, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	19	15	19	22	19	7	5	8	18	52	62	51
Microlaena, clover – Good year, Fertilised	38	30	31	36	31	10	7	11	27	78	93	102
Microlaena, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	6	5	8	9	8	3	2	3	11	31	37	16
Microlaena – Standard year, No fertiliser	15	14	19	21	15	3	3	3	9	34	51	32
Microlaena – Good year, No fertiliser	30	28	31	35	25	4	4	4	14	51	77	64
Microlaena – Poor year, No fertiliser	5	4	8	8	6	1	1	1	5	20	31	16
Table 16. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for summer grass, clover in Central Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Summer grass, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	24	10	15	16	12	7	4	8	28	38	25	23
Summer grass, clover – Good year, Fertilised	48	20	25	26	20	10	6	11	42	57	38	46
Summer grass, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	7	3	6	6	5	3	2	3	17	23	15	16
Summer grass – Standard year, No fertiliser	24	10	14	14	2	2	2	2	2	4	16	23
Summer grass – Good year, No fertiliser	48	20	23	23	3	3	3	3	3	6	24	46
Summer grass – Poor year, No fertiliser	7	3	6	6	1	1	1	1	1	2	10	16
Table 17. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual grass, clover in Central Tablelands, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	0	0	2	6	12	11	9	17	45	74	10	0
Annual grass, clover – Good year, Fertilised	0	0	3	10	20	15	13	24	68	111	15	0
Annual grass, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	0	0	1	2	5	4	4	7	27	44	6	16

Central West Slopes

Table 18. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for temperate grass, clover in Central West Slopes, NSW

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Temperate grass, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	7	5	8	10	14	16	10	20	30	50	41	17
Temperate grass, clover – Good year, Fertilised	14	10	16	20	28	27	17	34	51	85	70	34
Temperate grass, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	1	2	3	4	6	6	4	4	6	10	8	3
Table 19. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for sub clover in Central West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sub clover – Standard year, Fertilised	0	0	0	2	7	10	10	15	30	27	10	0
Sub clover – Good year, Fertilised	0	0	0	4	14	17	17	26	51	46	17	0
Sub clover – Poor year, Fertilised	0	0	0	1	3	4	4	5	10	9	5	0
Table 20. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for summer grass in Central West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Summer grass – Standard year, Not fertilised	20	24	9	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	11	25
Summer grass – Good year, Not fertilised	40	48	18	4	4	3	3	3	3	5	19	50
Summer grass – Poor year, Not fertilised	4	10	4	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	2	5
Table 21. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne, clover in Central West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne, clover pasture – Standard year, Fertilised	25	25	28	31	26	17	10	10	22	45	43	26
Lucerne, clover pasture- Good year, Fertilised	50	50	56	62	52	29	17	17	37	77	73	52
Lucerne, clover pasture – Poor year, Fertilised	5	10	11	12	10	7	4	2	4	9	9	5
Lucerne – Standard year, Fertilised	25	25	28	31	24	13	9	9	18	45	43	26
Lucerne – Good year, Fertilised	50	50	56	62	48	22	15	15	31	77	73	52
Lucerne – Poor year, Fertilised	5	10	11	12	10	5	4	2	4	9	9	5
Table 22. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual grass, clover in Central West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	5	3	1	6	16	18	12	12	23	42	10	5
Annual grass, clover – Good year, Fertilised	10	6	2	12	32	31	20	20	39	71	17	10
Annual grass, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	1	1	0	2	6	7	5	2	5	8	2	1
Table 23. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for tropical grass in Central West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Tropical grass – Standard year, Fertilised	35	34	24	8	3	2	2	2	2	8	24	35
Tropical grass – Good year, Fertilised	70	68	48	16	6	3	3	3	3	14	41	70
Tropical grass – Poor year, Fertilised	7	14	10	3	1	1	1	0	0	2	5	7

South West Slopes

 Table 24. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for phalaris, clover in South West Slopes, NSW

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	5	7	16	25	24	14	16	26	47	64	43	12
Phalaris, clover – Good year, Fertilised	15	21	21	33	31	25	29	47	61	83	56	36
Phalaris,clover – Poor year, Fertilised	2	2	6	10	10	11	13	21	19	26	17	4
Table 25. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for cocksfoot, clover in South West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Cocksfoot, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	9	8	16	25	24	14	16	26	47	64	43	15
Cocksfoot, clover – Good year, Fertilised	27	24	21	33	31	25	29	47	61	83	56	45
Cocksfoot, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	3	2	6	10	10	11	13	21	19	26	17	5
Table 26. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne, clover in South West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	12	10	17	28	26	14	11	25	49	69	54	21
Lucerne, clover – Good year, Fertilised	36	30	22	36	34	25	20	45	64	90	70	63
Lucerne, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	4	3	7	11	10	11	9	20	20	28	22	6
Table 27. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual grass, clover in South West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, clover – Standard year, Fertilised	3	4	10	23	24	20	10	25	45	64	35	7
Annual grass, clover – Good year, Fertilised	9	12	13	30	31	36	18	45	59	83	46	21
Annual grass, clover – Poor year, Fertilised	1	1	4	9	10	16	8	20	18	26	14	2
Table 28. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for native grass in South West Slopes, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Native grass – Standard year, Not fertilised	8	6	5	11	10	4	3	3	7	15	23	13
Native grass – Good year, Not fertilised	20	15	5	12	11	6	4	4	8	16	25	32
Native grass – Poor year, Not fertilised	4	3	3	7	6	5	4	4	5	10	15	6
Native grass – Standard year, Fertilised	11	9	11	15	14	6	5	7	17	35	26	14
Native grass – Good year, Fertilised	33	27	14	20	18	11	9	13	22	46	34	42
Native grass  – Poor year, Fertilised	3	3	4	6	6	5	4	6	7	14	10	4

North Coast

Table 29. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for naturalised carpet grass in North Coast, NSW

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Naturalised carpet grass, No fertiliser – Standard year	25	30	25	10	3	0	0	0	3	5	9	15
Naturalised carpet grass, No fertiliser – Good year	40	72	60	24	9	0	0	0	5	9	15	24
Naturalised carpet grass, No fertiliser – Poor year	10	12	3	1	0	0	0	0	1	2	4	6
Naturalised carpet grass, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	30	35	30	15	8	6	5	6	10	15	20	25
Naturalised carpet grass, clover, Fertiliser- Good year	48	84	72	36	24	18	15	18	17	26	34	40
Naturalised carpet grass, clover, Fertiliser – Poor year	12	14	3	2	1	2	2	2	4	6	8	10
Table 30. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for kikuyu in North Coast, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Kikuyu – Standard year	34	54	50	30	16	10	3	2	8	18	25	30
Kikuyu – Good year	54	130	120	72	48	30	9	6	14	31	43	48
Kikuyu – Poor year	14	22	5	3	2	3	1	1	3	7	10	12
Table 31. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for kikuyu with nitrogen fertiliser in North Coast, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Kikuyu, N fertiliser – Standard year	80	128	146	100	45	15	3	4	14	30	40	60
Kikuyu, N fertiliser – Good year	80	128	146	100	45	27	5	7	17	36	48	68
Kikuyu, N fertiliser – Poor year	59	94	27	18	8	8	2	2	10	22	29	44
Table 32. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for setaria, rhodes grass,clover in North Coast, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Setaria, rhodes grass, clover – Standard year	30	55	45	25	6	2	2	4	8	20	28	30
Setaria, rhodes grass, clover – Good year	48	132	108	60	18	6	6	12	14	34	48	48
Setaria, rhodes grass, clover – Poor year	12	22	5	3	1	1	1	1	3	8	11	12
Table 33. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual ryegrass with nitrogen fertiliser in North Coast, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual ryegrass, N fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	30	40	30	30	30	28	10	8	5
Annual ryegrass, N fertiliser – Good year	0	0	0	47	63	53	53	53	34	12	10	6
Annual ryegrass, N fertiliser – Poor year	0	0	0	6	7	17	17	17	21	7	6	4

Mid North Coast and Lower Hunter

Table 34. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for naturalised carpet grass in Mid North Coast and Lower Hunter, NSW

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Naturalised carpet grass- Standard year, No fertiliser	17	25	23	9	2	0	0	0	2	4	8	9
Naturalised carpet grass – Good year, No fertiliser	37	55	39	15	3	0	0	0	6	12	23	20
Naturalised carpet grass – Poor year, No fertiliser	9	14	5	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	5
Naturalised carpet grass, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	20	29	27	12	4	3	3	3	6	10	12	12
Naturalised carpet grass, clover, Fertiliser – Good year	44	64	46	20	7	6	6	6	17	29	35	26
Naturalised carpet grass, clover, Fertiliser – Poor year	11	16	5	2	1	1	1	1	2	3	4	6
Table 35. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for kikuyu in Mid North Coast and Lower Hunter, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Kikuyu – Standard year	27	45	50	33	16	6	2	3	11	10	10	12
Kikuyu – Good year	59	99	85	56	27	11	4	6	32	29	29	26
Kikuyu – Poor year	15	24	10	7	3	2	1	1	3	3	3	6
Table 36. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for paspalum in Mid North Coast and Lower Hunter, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Paspalum – Standard year	23	33	32	16	5	5	5	5	10	15	15	15
Paspalum dominant – Good year	51	73	54	27	9	9	9	9	29	44	44	33
Paspalum – Poor year	12	18	6	3	1	2	2	2	3	5	5	8
Table 37. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for setaria in Mid North Coast and Lower Hunter, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Setaria – Standard year	29	38	44	23	8	5	5	5	10	11	11	13
Setaria – Good year	64	84	75	39	14	9	9	9	29	32	32	29
Setaria – Poor year	16	21	9	5	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	7
Table 38. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual ryegrass with nitrogen fertiliser in Mid North Coast and Lower Hunter, NSW
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual ryegrass, N fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	5	20	36	35	40	40	25	0	0
Annual Ryegrass, N fertiliser – Good year	0	0	0	9	34	67	65	74	116	73	0	0
Annual ryegrass, N fertiliser – Poor year	0	0	0	1	4	12	12	13	12	8	0	0

Victoria

South West Lower (Hamilton)

Average, minimum and maximum pasture growth curves are also available for semi-winter active lucerne (SARDI Seven), chicory (Puna), summer active tall fescue (Quantum) and various ryegrass species (Avalon, Banquet and Fitzroy) at Hamilton Proof Site.

Table 39. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual grass, low clover with fertliser in South West Victoria (Hamilton)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, low clover, Fertiliser – Poor year	2	0	0	5	10	12	15	18	40	50	20	0
Annual grass, low clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	7	14	20	20	20	58	81	50	10
Annual grass,  low clover, Fertiliser – Good year	0	0	2	10	20	25	25	30	60	80	50	10
Table 40. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass, phalaris, clover and annuals with fertiliser in South West Victoria (Hamilton)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Per. ryegrass, phalaris, clover, annuals, Fert – Poor year	2	0	0	5	8	15	17	22	50	70	33	5
Per. ryegrass, phalaris, clover, annuals, Fert. – Stnd year	5	5	5	7	14	19	22	37	69	100	78	14
Per. ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Good year	10	5	10	20	25	30	32	40	70	120	90	30
Sum active perennial rye, clover, Fert – Stnd year	10	10	5	13	20	30	25	40	50	75	60	25
Table 41. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for fescue summer active clover with fertiliser in South West Victoria (Hamilton)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Fescue summer active, clover, Fert – Stnd year	15	10	5	20	30	40	40	40	60	90	60	15
Table 42. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for chicory, clover and annuals with fertiliser in South West Victoria (Hamilton)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Chicory, clover, annuals, Fertiliser – Stnd year	9	8	17	15	22	29	22	46	60	50	30	20
Table 43. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for winter active lucerne and annuals with fertiliser in South West Victoria (Hamilton)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne winter active, annuals, Fert – Poor year	9	9	8	7	13	23	26	38	45	53	20	10
Lucerne winter active, annuals, Fert – Stnd year	17	18	15	14	25	30	35	50	60	70	40	20
Lucerne winter active, annuals, Fert – Good year	26	27	23	21	38	38	44	63	75	88	60	30

South West Lower (Lismore)

Table 44. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass, phalaris and clover with fertiliser in South West Lower, Victoria (Lismore)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Poor year	0	0	0	4	11	14	14	28	42	56	42	4
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	0	5	15	20	20	40	60	80	60	5
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Good year	5	5	10	20	20	25	30	50	70	100	70	50
Table 45. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for low clover, onion grass and annuals with fertiliser in South West Lower, Victoria (Lismore)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Poor Year	0	0	0	3	5	10	12	18	39	49	32	0
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert, Stnd year	0	0	0	5	15	20	20	25	55	70	45	0
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Good Year	0	0	0	10	20	25	25	30	60	75	55	10

South West Upper (Balmoral)

Table 46. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass, phalaris and clover with fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Balmoral)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Poor year	0	0	0	4	8	11	13	25	39	49	42	4
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	0	6	12	16	18	35	55	70	60	5
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Good year	0	0	5	20	20	25	25	40	65	100	70	30
Table 47. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals, onion grass, low clover with fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Balmoral)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Poor Year	0	0	0	6	11	14	11	21	28	35	32	1
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	0	8	15	20	15	30	40	50	45	2
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Good Year	0	0	5	15	20	20	20	35	45	70	50	10
Table 48. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in South West Upper, Victoria (Balmoral)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Standard year	10	10	9	16	16	13	12	17	32	41	33	20
Lucerne – Poor year	10	6	5	9	14	12	10	14	31	38	21	5
Lucerne – Good year	10	3	11	20	19	16	14	21	32	52	74	27

South West Upper (Edenhope)

Table 49. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass, phalaris and clover with fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Edenhope)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Poor year	0	0	0	1	4	14	14	21	35	56	35	0
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	0	1	6	20	20	30	50	80	50	0
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Good year	0	0	0	12	20	25	25	40	70	100	70	30
Table 50. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals, onion grass and low clover with fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Edenhope)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Poor Year	0	0	0	0	4	14	14	14	21	42	32	0
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	0	0	5	20	20	20	30	60	45	0
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Good Year	0	0	0	5	20	25	25	30	50	80	50	20

South West Upper (Ballarat)

Table 51. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in South West Upper, Victoria (Ballarat)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial grass, clover pasture, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	15	20	30	20	20	35	50	90	80	70
Bent grass, No fertiliser – Standard year	10	10	5	5	5	5	5	20	40	60	40	30

South West Upper (Ararat)

Table 52. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass, phalaris and clover with fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Ararat)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Poor year	0	0	0	4	7	7	11	21	35	56	14	0
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	0	5	10	10	15	30	50	80	20	0
Per ryegrass, phalaris, clover, Fert – Good year	0	0	5	15	20	30	40	50	70	100	50	10
Table 53. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals, onion grass and low clover with fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Ararat)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Poor Year	0	0	0	1	7	7	11	18	25	32	14	0
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Stnd year	0	0	0	2	10	10	15	25	35	45	20	0
Annuals, onion grass, low clover, Fert – Good Year	0	0	5	10	20	20	30	40	50	60	30	5
Table 54. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Danthonia, annuals and low clover with no fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Ararat)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Danthonia, annuals, low clover, no fert – Stnd year	5	3	3	4	5	7	7	10	17	30	17	8

South West Upper (Maryborough)

Table 55. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne and annuals with fertiliser in South West Upper, Victoria (Maryborough)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne, annual grasses, Fert – Standard year	5	5	2	5	10	12	15	30	55	70	30	5
Table 56. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for phalaris and clover in South West Upper, Victoria (Maryborough)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover – Poor year	0	0	0	5	10	10	10	16	29	40	15	0
Phalaris, clover – Standard year	0	0	5	10	20	19	15	20	27	50	20	10
Phalaris, clover – Good year	0	5	10	20	30	20	25	15	29	70	40	20
Table 57. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals in South West Upper, Victoria (Maryborough)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass – Standard year	0	0	0	5	10	20	25	30	60	40	20	0
Annual grass – Poor year	0	0	0	0	10	13	10	20	40	30	0	0
Annual grass – Good year	0	0	0	10	15	30	40	40	80	60	40	10

North West Victoria (Boort)

Table 58. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in North West Victoria (Boort)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne, annuals, weeds, Fertiliser – Stnd year	0	0	0	5	10	15	15	30	45	20	10	0
Phalaris, annuals, clover, weeds, Fert – Stnd year	0	2	2	5	10	15	17	32	60	35	15	0

North East Vic (Seymour)

 Table 59. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for phalaris and clover with fertiliser in North East Victoria (Seymour)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover, Fertilised – Standard year	6	5	5	33	17	10	15	20	40	65	25	7
Phalaris, clover, Fertilised – Good year	10	10	15	40	30	14	20	30	50	90	50	15
Phalaris, clover, Fertilised – Poor year	0	0	0	10	10	7	7	10	15	50	10	0
Table 60. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for phalaris and clover with high fertility in North East Victoria (Seymour)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover, High fertility – Standard year	10	6	8	35	25	20	20	25	50	85	30	7
Phalaris, clover, High fertlity – Good year	15	20	20	50	30	30	30	50	70	100	50	15
Phalaris, clover, High fertility – Poor year	0	0	0	20	10	10	13	10	15	70	15	0

North East Vic (Bonnie Doon)

 Table 61. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne with fertiliser in North East Victoria (Bonnie Doon)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Poor year, Fertilised	10	13	11	11	11	10	5	9	23	22	14	7
Lucerne – Standard year, Fertilised	14	12	8	15	14	10	10	10	29	44	26	16
Lucerne – Good year, Fertilised	20	15	17	17	18	20	20	20	31	52	49	29
Table 62. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass with fertiliser in North East Victoria (Bonnie Doon)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial rye – Poor year, Fertilised	0	0	3	20	36	28	20	28	40	23	7	3
Perennial rye – Standard year, Fertilised	3	3	7	27	32	28	19	29	43	49	40	8
Perennial rye – Good year, fertilised	2	0	8	21	38	26	20	33	45	49	68	36
Table 63. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for winter active phalaris and clover with fertiliser in North East Victoria (Bonnie Doon)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris winter active, clover, Fert – Poor year	0	0	5	5	10	10	10	15	30	50	20	0
Phalaris winter active, clover, Fert – Stnd year	5	5	10	30	30	20	20	30	40	80	30	10
Phalaris winter active, clover, Fert – Good year	10	10	20	30	30	25	25	30	50	85	50	20
Table 64. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual grass and weeds with no fertiliser in North East Victoria (Bonnie Doon)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, No fertiliser  – Stnd year	0	0	5	25	20	15	15	20	30	50	5	0
Annual grass & weeds, No Fertiliser – Poor year	0	0	0	0	10	15	15	20	30	20	0	0
Annual grass & weeds No fertiliser – Good year	0	0	10	30	20	20	20	30	40	60	10	0
Table 65. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Danthonia, annuals and weeds with no fertiliser in North East Victoria (Bonnie Doon)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Danthonia, annuals, capeweed, No Fert – Poor year	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	8	15	10	5	0
Danthonia, annuals & weeds No Fert- Stnd year	0	0	5	10	10	7	7	10	15	20	10	5
Danthonia, annuals, capeweed No Fert – Good year	5	5	10	15	10	7	10	10	15	25	15	5
Table 66. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Microlaena, Danthonia and annual grass in North East Victoria (Bonnie Doon)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Microleana, danthonia, annual grass – Poor year	0	0	0	5	5	3	3	6	10	20	10	5
Microleana, danthonia, annuals – Standard year	5	5	5	15	8	4	4	6	10	30	20	10
Microleana, danthonia, annual grass – Good year	10	10	10	15	10	4	4	6	10	30	20	10

West Gippsland (Ellinbank)

Table 67. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass and clover with fertiliser in West Gippsland, Victoria (Ellinbank)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial ryegrass, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	18	10	19	20	18	16	10	20	55	80	70	59
Perennial ryegrass, clover, Fertiliser – Good year	23	13	25	26	23	21	13	26	72	104	91	77
Perennial ryegrass, clover, Fertiliser – Poor year	13	7	13	14	13	11	7	14	39	56	49	41
Table 68. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in West Gippsland, Victoria (Ellinbank)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Poor year	42	24	25	27	18	11	8	12	27	37	47	54
Lucerne – Standard year	55	36	35	32	24	15	11	19	31	42	56	65
Lucerne – Good year	62	53	45	36	25	16	14	22	34	43	54	72

Central Gippsland (Maffra)

Table 69. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass and clover with fertiliser in Central Gippsland, Victoria (Maffra)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Dryland perennial ryegrass, clover, Fert – Poor year	4	4	0	14	12	7	1	11	21	27	21	1
Dryland perennial ryegrass, clover, Fert – Stnd year	5	5	0	20	17	10	2	15	30	38	30	2
Dryland perennial ryegrass, clover, Fert – Good Year	7	7	0	26	22	13	3	20	39	49	39	3
Table 70. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in Central Gippsland, Victoria (Maffra)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Poor year	16	15	25	18	12	10	7	13	24	25	15	14
Lucerne – Standard year	22	14	17	21	19	14	10	17	31	41	41	29
Lucerne – Good year	34	26	28	24	23	15	16	23	34	39	56	51

East Gippsland (Bairnsdale)

Table 71. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annual grass and clover with fertiliser in East Gippsland, Victoria (Bairnsdale)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	9	15	11	11	15	15	15	25	30	30	22
Annual grass, clover, Fertiliser – Poor year	0	4	7	7	9	7	7	7	12	13	15	9
Annual grass, clover, Fertiliser – Good year	4	28	28	22	22	30	30	30	40	47	47	37
Kikuyu, annuals, clover – Standard year	50	60	50	25	10	10	10	10	20	25	35	45

Tasmania

North West (Elliott)

Table 72. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in North West Tasmania (Elliot)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Per ryegrass, cocksfoot, clover, Fert – Standard year	25	9	5	14	9	8	8	7	19	54	51	35
Forage crop	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stubble	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Table 73. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in North West Tasmania (Elliot)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Poor year	28	25	27	25	14	8	5	12	23	39	49	58
Lucerne – Standard year	57	51	41	28	18	9	8	13	29	44	54	74
Lucerne – Good year	88	58	49	35	22	13	12	17	32	46	55	66
Table 74. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass and clover with fertiliser in North West Tasmania (Elliot)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Poor year, Fertiliser	18	2	3	40	35	28	24	34	44	56	88	81
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	72	40	20	35	38	30	25	31	44	58	85	93
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Good year, Fertiliser	94	96	51	52	58	34	26	34	43	55	87	94

North Central (Cressy)

Table 75. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in North Central Tasmania (Cressy)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Standard year	21	12	17	20	12	4	2	6	20	35	37	32
Lucerne – Poor year	18	19	12	14	10	4	1	5	17	30	31	17
Lucerne – Good year	32	18	26	22	12	3	1	6	22	40	43	32
Table 76. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass and clover with fertiliser in North Central Tasmania (Cressy)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, clover, Ferti – Standard year	14	5	2	8	6	7	6	6	31	65	46	22
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	10	14	17	34	27	18	9	20	41	49	38	34
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Poor year, Fertiliser	10	2	27	33	22	16	5	21	37	27	26	26
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Good year, Fertiliser	31	15	30	43	28	10	6	20	40	53	57	57
Table 77. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals and clover in North Central Tasmania (Cressy)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, clover – Standard year	4	10	20	25	18	7	7	19	40	63	42	13
Annual grass, clover – Poor year	0	0	8	16	17	5	5	10	40	47	23	0
Annual grass, clover – Good year	9	8	25	27	22	11	10	21	51	72	70	49

Central Midlands (Ross)

Table 78. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for native pasture and clover with fertiliser in Central Midlands, Tasmania (Ross)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Native pasture, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	1	2	2	2	2	4	25	55	19	7

Southern Midlands (Jericho)

Table 79. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in Southern Midlands, Tasmania (Jericho)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Standard year	20	14	15	13	6	1	0	2	12	26	29	21
Lucerne – Poor year	18	9	13	14	7	2	0	3	9	19	17	13
Lucerne – Good year	31	27	25	20	7	0	0	2	13	29	32	28
Table 80. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for perennial ryegrass and clover with fertiliser versus cocksfoot, phalaris and clover in Southern Midlands, Tasmania (Jericho)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Standard year, Fertiliser	28	14	14	27	22	9	3	11	34	42	41	40
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Poor year, Fertiliser	16	1	12	25	18	8	4	8	29	36	20	26
Perennial ryegrass, clover – Good year, Fertiliser	47	19	34	46	27	6	2	12	39	46	38	52
Cocksfoot, phalaris, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	7	1	2	8	7	6	4	6	16	36	47	20
Table 81. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals and clover in Southern Midlands, Tasmania (Jericho)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, clover, Fertiliser – Standard Year	0	0	0	3	3	3	3	5	15	45	35	15
Annual grass, clover – Standard year, No fertiliser	5	11	19	22	13	4	2	9	34	54	43	17
Annual grass, clover – Poor year, No fertiliser	5	5	14	16	11	4	1	5	23	34	19	18
Annual grass, clover – Good year, No fertiliser	9	14	23	27	15	4	3	11	38	57	75	49

South Australia

Mount Gambier

Table 82. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in South Australia (Mount Gambier)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Aust Phalaris, clover, annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	3	3	8	17	28	27	27	39	56	67	46	11
Annual grass, clover, Not fertilised – Standard year	2	2	6	11	18	17	18	35	50	60	40	5
Lucerne, Fertiliser – Standard year	21	11	11	25	22	16	13	20	33	46	53	44
Perennial ryegrass,clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	2	0	1	14	34	35	30	36	45	70	81	30
Perennial ryegrass, clover,  Fertiliser – Poor year	0	0	0	1	10	25	20	20	30	48	60	10
Perennial ryegrass, clover,  Fertiliser – Good year	10	6	9	27	32	40	35	40	50	70	90	40
Annual grass, clover – Standard year	0	0	0	5	10	27	25	49	50	40	15	0

Lucindale

Table 83. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in South Australia (Lucindale)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Aust Phalaris, clover, annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	0	0	3	9	21	24	27	34	41	50	21	4
Lucerne, annuals, fertiliser – Standard year	5	5	4	8	13	14	19	29	44	48	30	12
Annual grass, clover – Poor year	0	0	0	0	5	10	20	25	25	50	6	0
Annual grass, clover – Good year	0	0	7	14	28	30	36	55	73	90	35	1

Keith

Table 84. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in South Australia (Keith)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Aust phalaris, clover, annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	0	0	1	10	21	25	26	32	35	27	17	4
Lucerne, annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	6	6	3	6	11	13	16	24	38	36	21	6
Lucerne, No annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	6	5	4	7	11	11	12	17	27	29	17	8
Annual grass, clover, fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	5	10	15	20	35	69	48	12	2
Annual grass, clover, fertiliser – Poor year	0	0	0	0	5	10	15	30	41	40	5	0
Annual grass, clover, fertiliser – Good year	4	3	8	18	26	31	35	56	74	81	20	2

Adelaide Hills (Mt Barker)

Table 85. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in Adelaide Hills, South Australia (Mount Barker)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover, annuals, Fertilized – Standard year	4	0	5	19	28	25	23	31	42	54	33	10
Lucerne, annuals – Standard year	19	15	14	24	22	14	10	17	29	42	38	21
Perennial ryegrass, clover, Fertilised – Standard year	0	0	6	15	36	30	24	32	41	54	35	8
Annual grass, clover – Standard year	0	0	0	10	15	25	25	35	50	71	25	0
Annual grass, clover – Good year	0	0	5	15	20	25	30	47	80	86	50	0
Annual grass, clover – Poor year	0	0	0	5	10	15	20	25	40	50	5	0

Fleurieu Peninsula (Inman Valley)

Table 86. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia (Inman Valley)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Perennial grass, clover, No fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	0	15	15	15	25	35	40	25	0
Phalaris, clover, annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	0	2	6	17	29	28	25	33	45	50	25	8
Lucerne – Standard year	13	8	8	18	19	12	8	13	27	37	24	20
Annual grass, clover – Standard year	0	0	0	10	20	22	21	37	57	61	22	0
Annual grass, clover – Poor year	0	0	0	0	10	15	17	20	40	40	7	0
Annual grass, clover – Good year	0	0	5	15	29	30	26	43	64	81	53	12

Fleurieu Peninsula (Mt Barker)

Table 87. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for phalaris, clover, annuals in Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia (Mount Barker)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Phalaris, clover, annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	4	0	5	19	28	25	23	31	42	54	33	10

Kangaroo Island (Parndana)

Table 88. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species on Kangaroo Island, South Australia (Parndarna)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass, clover, Fertilised – Standard year	0	0	0	5	13	22	28	41	52	42	16	0
Annual grass, low clover, Not fertilised – Standard year	0	0	0	1	4	11	14	19	31	63	35	0
Kikuyu, clover, annuals, Fertiliser – Standard year	10	5	10	15	15	18	21	30	45	45	20	15
Lucerne – Standard year	7	4	5	8	17	15	13	17	33	40	15	9
Perennial ryegrass, clover, Fertilised – Standard year	0	0	5	17	25	25	25	35	38	36	21	7

Mallee – (Lameroo)

Table 89. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for medic, annuals in Mallee, South Australia (Lameroo)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Medic, annuals – Standard year	0	0	0	5	12	18	24	32	29	20	5	0

Mid North (Roseworthy)

Table 90. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for medic, annuals in Mid North South Australia (Roseworthy)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Medic, annuals – Standard Year	0	0	4	8	15	21	29	40	46	24	5	0

Mid North (Crystal Brook)

Table 91. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for medic, annuals in Mid North South Australia (Crystal Brook)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Medic, annuals – Standard year	0	0	3	7	13	20	28	34	32	14	3	0

Mid North (Booborowie)

Table 92. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in Mid North South Australia (Booborowie)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Medic, annuals – Standard year	0	0	3	7	15	19	22	32	40	28	10	0
Lucerne, annuals, Fertilised – Standard year	4	5	3	4	8	9	11	16	25	25	17	8

Eyre Penninsula (Minnipa)

Table 93. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for medic, annuals in Eyre Penninsula South Australia (Minnipa)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Medic, annuals – Standard year	0	0	0	3	8	17	27	34	28	9	0	0

Eyre Peninsula (Koppio)

Table 94. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for cocksfoot, clover annuals in Eyre Penninsula South Australia (Koppio)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Cocksfoot, clover, annuals – Standard Year	2	2	3	8	19	26	31	41	48	26	5	0

Yorke Peninsula (Minlaton)

Table 95. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for medic, annuals in York Penninsula South Australia (Minlaton)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Medic, annuals – Standard year	0	0	2	5	14	24	35	45	40	19	3	0

Western Australia

West Midlands (Irwin)

Table 96. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals and weeds in West Midlands, Western Australia (Irwin)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover – Standard year	0	0	0	2	17	27	28	36	56	51	10	0

West Midlands (Moora, Three Springs)

Table 97. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals and weeds and lucerne in West Midlands, Western Australia (Moora, Three Springs)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover – Standard year	0	0	0	1	6	12	17	28	40	25	8	0
Lucerne – Standard year	1	2	8	8	14	21	22	26	30	10	6	1
Lucerne – Poor year	1	0	4	7	14	19	20	25	12	5	1	1
Lucerne – Good year	5	9	5	6	15	20	23	27	46	35	3	3

Central (Northam)

Table 98. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals and weeds and lucerne in Central, Western Australia (Northam)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, No fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	2	12	6	10	40	60	15	0	0
Lucerne – Standard year	4	2	4	9	13	14	15	19	35	26	5	2
Lucerne – Poor year	3	4	1	4	8	12	13	17	27	14	5	1
Lucerne – Good year	4	9	6	9	14	16	17	21	38	40	11	4

Southern High Rainfall (Busselton)

Table 99. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals, weeds and clover with fertiliser in the Southern high rainfall zone, Western Australia (Bussleton)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	6	23	26	28	37	53	58	42	0

Southern Cold Zone (Boyup Brook)

Table 100. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals, weeds and clover with fertiliser in the Southern cold zone, Western Australia (Boyup Brook)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	4	13	17	20	31	37	34	26	0

Southern Cold Zone (Katanning, Lake Grace, Narrogin)

Table 101. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for annuals, weeds and clover with fertiliser in the Southern cold zone, Western Australia (Katanning, Lake Grace, Narrogin)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	1	8	13	14	26	48	40	5	0

Southern Cold Zone (Manjimup)

Table 102. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in the Southern cold zone, Western Australia (Manjimup)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	4	13	17	17	31	40	58	26	0
Lucerne – Standard year	4	4	3	12	15	13	16	26	43	60	32	8
Kikuyu – Standard year	8	8	6	18	19	16	16	26	35	45	26	16

South Coast High Rainfall (Mt. Barker)

Table 103. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in the South Coast high rainfall zone, Western Australia (Mount Barker)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	12	21	23	20	25	45	58	23	0
Lucerne – Standard year	8	8	5	12	22	22	18	27	40	60	30	10
Lucerne – Poor year	4	0	0	6	15	16	17	17	31	30	13	5
Lucerne – Good year	15	16	12	16	25	26	28	33	50	70	40	25
Kikuyu – Standard year	13	13	10	12	17	18	20	26	45	58	33	14
Kikuyu – Poor year	8	3	4	8	12	8	12	13	23	45	17	11
Kikuyu – Good year	24	21	14	24	25	24	32	30	55	75	40	35

South Coast Sandplain (Wellstead)

Table 104. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in the South Coast Sandplain, Western Australia (Wellstead)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	7	10	13	17	29	42	33	7	0
Lucerne – Standard year	8	8	4	7	11	12	14	26	29	35	11	11
Lucerne – Poor year	4	0	0	3	10	10	11	19	23	19	5	4
Lucerne – Good year	19	17	14	15	14	15	22	30	38	40	32	20
Kikuyu – Standard year	12	12	9	12	12	13	16	27	42	33	22	15
Kikuyu – Poor year	9	3	4	8	10	7	10	10	23	24	14	10
Kikuyu – Good year	25	23	15	24	20	20	32	34	55	50	30	27

South Coast Sandplain (Esperance, Ravensthorpe)

Table 105. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for various species in the South Coast Sandplain, Western Australia (Esperence, Ravensthorpe)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Annual grass & weeds, clover, Fertiliser – Standard year	0	0	0	7	10	13	17	29	52	36	16	0
Lucerne – Standard year	12	12	6	11	11	12	14	25	32	40	20	15
Lucerne – Poor year	6	0	0	5	10	11	12	19	26	24	8	8
Lucerne – Good year	20	18	15	16	14	15	22	28	40	45	33	25
Kikuyu – Standard year	14	14	11	13	13	10	11	27	50	36	25	18
Kikuyu – Poor year	9	3	4	8	10	7	7	12	25	24	16	12
Kikuyu – Good year	25	22	15	25	20	15	22	30	60	50	30	25

Queensland

St George

Table 106. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for sown grass in Queensland (St George)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sown grass – Standard year	15	20	17	9	3	1	1	3	9	17	18	14
Sown grass – Poor year	6	9	4	4	1	1	0	2	4	4	3	6
Sown grass – Good year	30	40	31	16	5	2	2	4	17	28	30	22
Table 107. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for native grass in Queensland (St George)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Native grass – Standard year	14	18	15	8	3	1	1	2	8	14	15	13
Native grass – Poor year	6	8	4	3	1	1	0	1	4	3	3	6
Native grass – Good year	28	37	28	14	5	1	2	4	14	23	25	26
Table 108. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for forage sorghum in Queensland (St George)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Forage sorghum – Standard year	50	38	33	20	6	1	0	0	0	0	15	44
Forage sorghum – Poor year	13	15	14	9	1	0	0	0	0	0	5	14
Forage sorghum – Good year	91	50	49	25	5	0	0	0	0	0	21	82
Table 109. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Lablab in Queensland (St George)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lablab – Standard year	31	29	28	19	8	0	0	0	0	0	14	29
Lablab – Poor year	8	11	9	10	3	0	0	0	0	0	4	8
Lablab – Good year	52	53	56	39	17	1	0	0	0	0	26	50
Table 110. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in Queensland (St George)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Standard year	11	13	14	14	12	13	17	18	14	11	12	11
Lucerne – Poor year	3	7	4	3	2	4	7	5	3	3	3	4
Lucerne – Good year	20	26	24	20	19	20	29	34	35	25	24	20
Table 111. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for oats in Queensland (St George)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Oats – Standard year	0	0	0	2	25	24	32	45	28	18	12	0
Oats – Poor year	0	0	0	1	8	9	16	30	6	0	0	0
Oats – Good year	0	0	0	2	24	30	48	48	45	45	30	0

Roma

Table 112. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for sown grass in Queensland (Roma)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sown grass – Standard year	20	24	22	12	4	1	1	3	11	21	24	21
Sown grass – Poor year	7	10	10	5	2	1	1	2	6	6	9	15
Sown grass – Good year	34	40	39	21	5	1	2	4	16	30	37	29
Table 113. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for native grass in Queensland (Roma)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Native grass – Standard year	19	22	20	11	3	1	1	3	9	18	20	20
Native grass – Poor year	6	9	9	4	1	1	1	2	5	5	8	14
Native grass – Good year	31	37	36	19	4	1	2	4	14	25	31	31
Table 114. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for forage sorghum in Queensland (Roma)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Forage sorghum – Standard year	59	45	37	17	1	0	0	0	0	0	19	58
Forage sorghum – Poor year	30	18	14	11	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	22
Forage sorghum – Good year	90	54	52	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	24	101
Table 115. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Lablab in Queensland (Roma)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lablab – Standard year	41	37	32	20	3	0	0	0	0	0	18	35
Lablab – Poor year	14	15	10	7	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	15
Lablab – Good year	64	63	53	50	11	0	0	0	0	0	33	55
Table 116. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in Queensland (Roma)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Standard year	16	19	20	18	16	18	18	18	16	14	14	15
Lucerne – Poor year	6	9	6	4	3	12	9	8	4	4	6	7
Lucerne – Good year	24	29	30	25	24	23	30	34	37	32	30	25
Table 117. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for oats in Queensland (Roma)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Oats – Standard year	0	0	0	3	31	23	38	45	34	22	16	0
Oats – Poor year	0	0	0	2	18	17	24	25	14	3	1	0
Oats – Good year	0	0	0	2	23	39	50	47	43	41	32	0

Goondiwindi

Table 118. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for sown grass in Queensland (Goondiwindi)

	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sown grass – Standard year	20	21	18	11	3	1	1	2	9	21	26	23
Sown grass – Poor year	11	11	8	3	1	1	0	1	6	11	12	12
Sown grass – Good year	42	44	32	16	5	1	1	2	12	30	36	39
Table 119. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for native grass in Queensland (Goondiwindi)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Native grass – Standard year	18	19	17	10	3	1	1	2	7	17	21	21
Native grass – Poor year	10	10	7	3	1	1	0	1	5	9	10	11
Native grass – Good year	38	40	29	14	5	1	1	2	10	25	30	35
Table 120. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for forage sorghum in Queensland (Goondiwindi)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Forage sorghum – Standard year	64	40	36	22	4	0	0	0	0	0	17	60
Forage sorghum – Poor year	41	29	14	9	2	0	0	0	0	0	6	24
Forage sorghum – Good year	79	49	43	22	3	0	0	0	0	0	32	105
Table 121. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for Lablab in Queensland (Goondiwindi)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lablab – Standard year	41	35	30	23	8	0	0	0	0	0	17	40
Lablab – Poor year	24	17	9	8	2	0	0	0	0	0	8	17
Lablab – Good year	65	73	48	50	15	0	0	0	0	0	23	62
Table 122. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for lucerne in Queensland (Goondiwindi)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Lucerne – Standard year	17	17	17	16	14	16	16	22	20	18	17	17
Lucerne – Poor year	11	11	10	6	4	10	4	6	4	5	7	9
Lucerne – Good year	23	26	24	25	22	23	23	41	44	39	36	26
Table 123. Growth rates (kg/ha/day) for oats in Queensland (Goondiwindi)
	Growth rates (kg/ha/day)
	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Oats – Standard year	0	0	0	3	28	31	37	44	34	21	15	0
Oats – Poor year	0	0	0	3	20	11	31	30	15	2	0	0
Oats – Good year	0	0	0	3	33	45	39	48	39	43	28	0